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Road Map For Precision Agriculture In The Punjab, North-west India
R. Kumar
Dr

Agricultural experimentation is both expensive and time consuming. It is necessary to reduce site-specific research and capitalize on the agricultural experience gained elsewhere by using soil maps and GIS-GPS (Geographic Information System - Global Positioning System) technology. Since in an agro-eco-subregion, soils in the same family require essentially the same management practices, maximum production results obtained in one soil family can be used as production targets for all soils belonging to the same or similar soil families. Therefore establishing of benchmark soils with specific families in every agro-ecological subregion of the state for agricultural research, development and technology transfer is desirable. In the state of Punjab 17 benchmark soils have been established. Together these represent 55.86 per cent of the geographical area of the state. Research based on these 17 benchmark soils can be used to further fine tune the agricultural recommendations system. Depending upon the extent, major land use and economic importance, two benchmark soils have been identified in the northeastern undulating agro eco-subregion, which are Typic Ustorthents and Typic Haplustept. These soils should be used for future research and testing of agro-technology related to crops of this agro-eco- subregion. Seven benchmark soils covering 13.53 per cent of State in the north-eastern undulating agro eco-subregion. These are Typic Ustipsamments / Ustifluvents, five Typic Haplustepts and a Vertic Haplustept. Five benchmark soils represent the central alluvial plain agro-eco-subregion. These represent 25.64 per cent area of the state. These are two Typic Haplustepts, Typic Ustipsamment, Typic Ustifluvent and Natric Haplustept. In the South-western alluvial plain agro-eco-subregion, three benchmark soils cover 13.84 per cent of the geographical area of the state. These are Ustic Torripsamment, Ustic Haplocambid and Ustic Haplocambid. Instead of single blanket recommendation for the whole state, this should help in developing a separate set of recommendations one each for an agro-eco-subregion based on the results of experiments on the benchmark soils, which at later stage can be extended for each soil variant leading towards better precision farming. However, effective technology transfer will depend largely on horizontal information exchange among different departments and vertical delivery of appropriate technology to the farmers of the State.

Keyword: Road map, Precision farming, Agro-eco sub-regions, Benchmark soils