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Deriving Fertiliser VRA Calibration Based on Ground Sensing Data from Specific Field Experiments
1E. Cordero, 1B. Moretti, 2E. F. Miniotti, 2D. Tenni, 2G. Beltarre, 2M. Romani, 1C. Grignani, 1D. Sacco
1. Dept. of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
2. Rice Research Centre, Ente Nazionale Risi, Castello d'Agogna, Italy

Nitrogen (N) fertilisation affects both rice yield and quality. In order to improve grain yield while limiting N losses, providing N fertilisers during the critical growth stages is essential. NDRE is considered a reliable crop N status indicator, suitable to drive topdressing N fertilisation in rice. A multi-year experiment on different rice varieties (Gladio, Centauro, and Carnaroli) was conducted between 2011 and 2017 in Castello d’Agogna (PV), northwest Italy, with the aim of i) establishing the best N fertilisation management to maximise crop yield, iii) defining a statistical method to obtain calibration functions establishing the NPI as a function of NDRE measured at PI, iv) comparing the best N management based on NDRE readings. A statistical model was developed to define dose/response curve. Results suggested different fertilisation strategies depending on the rice variety. For Gladio variety, grain yield is optimised equally splitting total N amount between pre-sowing plus tillering and PI application. Conversely, considering Centauro and Carnaroli varieties, best N management suggest reducing N application at the early growth stages, increasing topdressing N fertilisation. The algorithm also allowed obtaining calibration functions for each variety, establishing NPI as a function of NDRE values measured just before N application, with the aim of maximising grain yield. The obtained calibration functions can be implemented in variable rate application fertiliser spreader, providing an interpretative model capable of translating vigour maps into N fertiliser applications. However, calibration functions have been obtained only for Gladio, Centauro, and Carnaroli varieties, under specific environmental conditions. Further extension to other rice varieties and agro-environments is needed, and can be performed using the methodology proposed in this study, with the aim of promoting a widespread application of precision N fertilisation in rice.

Keyword: NDRE, variable rate fertilisation, site-specific N management, crop yield estimation, precision agriculture
E. Cordero    B. Moretti    E. F. Miniotti    D. Tenni    G. Beltarre    M. Romani    C. Grignani    D. Sacco    In-Season Nitrogen Management    Oral    2018