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Optimizing Corn Seeding Depth by Soil Texture to Achieve Uniform Stand
1S. Stewart, 2N. Kitcken, 3M. Yost, 1L. Conway
1. University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
2. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri
3. Utah State University, Logan, Utah

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield potential can be affected by uneven emergence. Corn emergence is influenced by both management and environmental conditions. Varying planting depth and rate as determined by soil characteristics could help improve emergence uniformity and grain yield. This study was conducted to assess varying corn seeding depths on plant emergence uniformity and yield on fine- and coarse-textured soils. Research was conducted on alluvial soil adjacent to the Missouri river with contrasting soil textures (fine sand and silty clay loam) in close proximity to each other. Treatments included four seeding depths (38, 51, 64, and 76 mm), at three population rates (62000, 74000, and 86000 seeds per hectare), and no starter vs. starter fertilizer (46.7 L ha-16-24-6). Emergence uniformity and grain yield were measured within a portion of all plots. Initial results from the first year (2017) of the three year project showed that corn emerged quicker at the shallowest depth (38 mm) on the coarser soil. However, planting depth did not influence final yield.  However corn yield and emergence in the fine-textured soil was influenced by planting depth. Planting Seed at the 76 mm planting depth resulted in a 0.6 Mg ha-1yield increase over the 38 mm depth. Not surprisingly, corn emerged more evenly at the 76 mm depth. Preliminary results suggest that corn planted deeper in fine-textured soils have improved emergence uniformity and higher yield potential. Planting depth may have little influence on corn yield in coarser-textured soils. These results indicate that variable seeding depth may be beneficial on fields with large variations in soil texture.

Keyword: Variable seeding depth; Corn; Uniform stand, Yield components