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Development of a Manual Soil Sensing System for Measuring Multiple Chemical Soil Properties in the Field
1E. Leksono, 1V. Adamchuk, 2J. Whalen, 1R. Buelvas
1. Bioresource Engineering Dept.
2. Natural Resource Sciences Dept., McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.

Variable Rate Fertilizer Application (VRA) requires the input of soil chemical data. One of the preferred methods for analyzing soil chemical properties in the field is by using Ion Selective Electrodes (ISEs). To accommodate portability in soil measurements, a manual soil sampling system was developed. Nitrate, Phosphate and pH ISEs were integrated to provide a general outlook on the condition of essential soil nutrients. These ISEs were placed on a modified hand-held soil sampler equipped with a variable depth adjustment, water reservoir, hand pump and spray nozzles for rinsing the ISEs. An Arduino shield from Whitebox Labs’ Tentacle (Meister Whiteboxes GmbH, Basel, Switzerland) with four Atlas Scientific ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) circuit (Atlas Scientific LLC, Brooklyn, New York, USA) were used as the data acquisition (DAQ) system. Furthermore, a Global Positioning System (GPS) data logger and a temperature sensor were added to provide more input for the VRA development. This multiple ISEs manual soil sensing system is easy to operate in the field. The ISEs and DAQ system were tested for response time, sensitivity, noise and cross talk and they provided reasonable results. Overall, this system has potential to give simultaneous measurements of nitrate, phosphate and pH with good accuracy and across a range of soil types. 

Keyword: direct soil measurement, ion-selective-electrode, nitrate, phosphate, pH