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Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Passive in situ Measurement of Soil CO2 Gas Emissions in the Agriculture Landscape
1M. Debbagh, 1V. Adamchuk, 1C. Madramootoo, 2J. Whalen
1. Bioresource Engineering Dept.
2. Natural Resource Sciences Dept., McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada

Quantification of soil Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural fields is essential for understanding the environmental impact of intensive crop and livestock production systems. Current methods of analysis include flux calculations derived from the concentration of gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) exchanged between soil and the atmosphere. Samples of these GHG are obtained manually by closed non-steady state non-flow through,or “static”, chambers and analyzed ex situvia gas analyzers, such as Gas Chromatograph (GC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS). An in situanalysis approach using low cost Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) sensors was developed as an alternative to the current sampling and analysis method. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) structure of the system allows for spatial and temporal analysis of large farming areas, which was limited in the manual sampling method. CO2 fluxes from agricultural soils under various conditions are quantified using the NDIR WSN and compared with the other gas analysis methods including GC, FTIR and CRDS. The NDIR WSN is proposed as a practical tool for farmers to have access to real time GHG emission measurements.

Keyword: Soil gas flux measurement, Wireless Sensor Network, Carbon dioxide, Non- Dispersive Infrared Sensor