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Nitrogen Placement Considerations for Maize Production in the Eastern US Cornbelt
1J. P. Fulton, 2A. Klopfenstein, 2E. Hawkins, 2S. Shearer, 2J. Hartschuh, 2S. Custer
1. The Ohio State University
2. Ohio State University

Proper fertilizer placement is essential to optimize crop performance and amount of applied nitrogen (N) along with crop yield potential. There exists several practices currently used in both research within farming operations on how and when to apply N to maize (Zea mays L). Split applications of N in Ohio is popular with farmers and provides an economic benefit but more recently some farmers have been using mid- and late-season N fertilizer applications for their maize production.  Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand the effect of fertilizer placement on corn yield and grain moisture at harvest, for late-season nitrogen management approach. This study was conducted over three years at the Western Agricultural Research Station (WARS) in South Charleston, Ohio. WARS typical applied N program includes a total of 180 units of N applied yearly to maize.  A high-clearance agricultural sprayer was used to apply liquid UAN28 during a late-season application (V14-R).  The sprayer was equipped with a coulter bar, Y-drops and drop-down tubes for UAN28 application. Nitrogen was applied prior to planting with a portion held back for the late-season application.  The control treatment that followed the WARS standard nitrogen management practices of 180 units of N applied split between planting and side-dress.  The three late-season treatments included applying 100 units of N around planting then applying the balance of 80 units of N during a late-season application. Therefore the four treatments included: 1) total N applied at planting and side-dress following typical farm management (control) 2) late-season using y-drops, 2) late-season using a coulter / injection setup, and 4) late-season surface applied between rows using drop down tubes. Grain moisture (%) and yield (bu/ac) were collected as response variables. Results indicated the y-drops and coulter setups provided a significantly higher yield than the UAN28 dribbled on the surface with drop tubes. The control treatment of applying all N prior to V5 generated the lowest yield over the three years.  The surface-center drop yield slightly higher than the control each year.  Yield varied between years due to differences in growing conditions in particular rain events and intensity.  For this study that used a set amount of N applied yearly, a late-season application approach provided higher yield while increasing the use of applied N by the maize.

Keyword: Nitrogen placement